Publications

Note: Names of students and research trainees are underlined.

Poole, K.L., Hassan, R., & Schmidt, L.A. (In press). Shyness, social anxiety, and social anxiety disorder: Comparing and contrasting. In P.M. DiBartolo & S.G. Hofmann (Eds.), Social anxiety: Clinical Developmental, and Social Perspectives (4th Edition). New York: Elsevier.

Schmidt, L.A., Hassan, R., Kong, X., MacGowan, T.L., & Poole, K.L. (2024). Childhood shyness: An exemplar of the interface of cognition and emotion in human development. In M.A. Bell (Ed.), Child Development at the Intersection of Emotion and Cognition (2nd Edition, pp. 185-211). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Hassan, R., MacGowan, T.L., Poole, K.L., & Schmidt, L.A. (2021). Evolutionary and neuroscientific perspectives on adaptive shyness. In R.J. Coplan, J.C. Bowker, & L.J. Nelson (Eds.), Handbook of Solitude: Psychological Perspectives on Social Isolation, Social Withdrawal, and Being Alone (2nd Edition, pp. 16-30). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Mathewson, K.J., Burack, J., Saigal, S., & Schmidt, L.A. (2021). Tiny babies grow up: The long-term effects of extremely low birth weight. In A. Wazana, T. Oberlander, & E. Székely (Eds.), Prenatal Stress and Child Development (pp.469-490). Springer Nature.

Schmidt, L.A., Poole, K.L., Fox, N.A., & Kagan, J. (2020). The study of behavioral inhibition and temperamental shyness across four academic generations. In L.A. Schmidt & K.L. Poole (Eds.), Adaptive Shyness: Multiple Perspectives on Behavior and Development (pp. 3-21). Cham, Switzerland: Springer Publishers.

Poole, K.L., & Schmidt, L.A. (2020). Adaptive shyness: A developmental approach. In L.A. Schmidt & K.L. Poole (Eds.), Adaptive Shyness: Multiple Perspectives on Behavior and Development (pp. 25-40). Cham, Switzerland: Springer Publishers.

Poole, K.L., Tang, A., & Schmidt, L.A. (2018). The temperamentally shy child as the social adult: An exemplar of multifinality. In K. Perez-Edgar & N.A. Fox (Eds.), Behavioral Inhibition: Integrating Theory, Research, and Clinical Perspectives (pp. 185-212). Cham, Switzerland: Springer Publishers.

Chen, X., & Schmidt, L.A. (2015). Temperament and personality development. In R. Lerner (Editor-in-Chief), Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science (7th Ed.), In M. Lamb & C. Garcia-Coll (Section Editors), Vol 3, Social and Emotional Development (pp. 152-200). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Selected Recent Theoretical and Position Papers

Mathewson, K.J., & Schmidt, L.A. (2024). Independent validation of an epigenetic signature of very low birth weight: A commentary. Pediatric Research.

Schmidt, L.A. (2020). Social distancing emotions: A new kind of (mal)adaptive shyness resulting from COVID-19. Psynopsis, 42(3), 20.

Schmidt, L.A., & Poole, K.L. (2019). On the bifurcation of temperamental shyness: Development, adaptation, and neoteny [Special Issue]. New Ideas in Psychology, 53, 13-21.

Schmidt, L.A. (2018). Understanding temperamental shyness: Reflections on heterogeneity, context, and function. In Uher, J., Trofimova, I., Sulis, W., Netter, P., Pessoa, L., Posner, M.I., Rothbart, M.K., Rusalov, V., Peterson, I.T., & Schmidt, L.A. Diversity in action: Exchange of perspectives and reflections on taxonomies of individual differences. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society-B, Biological Sciences, 383: 20170172, 6-7.

Khan, A., Schmidt, L.A., & Chen X. (2017). Cultural neuroscience of emotion: Toward a developmental framework. Psychology & Neuroscience, 10, 11-40.

Schmidt, L.A., & Miskovic, V. (2013). A new perspective on temperamental shyness: Differential susceptibility to endogenous environmental influences. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7, 141-157.

Selected Recent Empirical Papers

Temperament, Biology, and Social Behavior in Typical Development: Developmental and Individual Differences

Kong, X., Brook, C.A., Zhong, J., Liu, J., & Schmidt, L.A. (2024). Sociability across Estern-Western cultures: Is it the same underlying construct? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 65, 1075-1085.

Kong, X., MacGowan, T.L., Wang, S., Li, Y., & Schmidt, L.A. (2024). Observed shyness-related beavioral responses to a self-presentation speech task: A study comparing Chinese and Canadian children. Behavioral Sciences, 14, 1147, 1-13.

Neufeld, S., MacGowan, T.L., & Schmidt, L.A. (2024). Moderating influence of sibling presence on the relation between problem behaviors and theory of mind in early childhood. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 247, 106028

Jung, S., Poole, K.P., & Schmidt, L.A. (2023). Children’s shyness, emotional intelligence, and internalizing behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 211, 1-5.

Hassan, R., Poole, K.L., Smith, A., Niccols, A., & Schmidt, L.A. (2022). Temperamental and physiological regulatory capacity in infancy: Links with toddler behavior problems. Infant Behavior and Development, 69, 1-9.

Krzeczkowski, J.E., Van Lieshout, R.J., & Schmidt, L.A. (2022). Transacting brains: testing an actor-partner model of frontal EEG activity in mother-infant dyads. Development and Psychopathology, 34, 969-980.

Poole, K.L., & Schmidt, L.A. (2022). Temperamental contributions to state expressions of shyness in children. Personality and Individual Differences, 186, 1-6.

Schmidt, L.A., Poole, K.L., Hassan, R., & Willoughby, T. (2022). Frontal EEG alpha-delta ratio and social anxiety across early adolescence. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 175, 1-7.

Willoughby, T., Heffer, T., van Noordt, S., Desjardins, J., Segalowitz, S.J., & Schmidt, L.A. (2021). An ERP investigation of children and adolescents’ sensitivity to wins and losses during a peer observation manipulation. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 51, 1-11.

MacGowan, T.L., & Schmidt, L.A. (2020). Shyness, aggression, and empathy in children of shy mothers: Moderating influence of children's psychophysiological self-regulation. Developmental Psychobiology, 62, 324-338.

Poole, K.L., Khalesi, Z., Rutherford, M.D., Swain, A., Mullen, J.N., Hall, G.B., & Schmidt, L.A. (2020). Personality and opponent processes: Shyness, sociability, and visual afterimages to emotion. Emotion, 20, 605-612.

Poole, K.L., & Schmidt, L.A. (2019). Frontal brain delta-beta correlation, salivary cortisol, and social anxiety in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60, 646-654.

Tang, A., Van Lieshout, R.J., Lahat, A., Duku, E., Boyle, M.H., Saigal, S., & Schmidt, L.A. (2017). Shyness trajectories across the first four decades predict mental health outcomes. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45, 1621-1633.

Temperament, Biology, and Social Behavior in Atypical Development: Exposure to Pre- and Post-Natal Adversity and Clinical Phenomena

Mathewson, K.J., Brook, C.A., Saigal, S., Van Lieshout, R.J., & Schmidt, L.A. (2024). Dynamic changes in postnatal growth predict adolescent mental health problems in survivors of extremely low birth weight (ELBW). Development and Psychopathology, 36, 1356-1372.

Sacrey, L. A. R., Zwaigenbaum, L., Brian, J. A., Smith, I.M., Armstrong, V., Vaillancourt, T., & Schmidt, L.A. (2024). Behavioral and physiological differences during an emotion-evoking task in children at increased likelihood for autism spectrum disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 36, 404-414.

Mathewson, K.J., Beaton, E.A., Hobbs, D., Hall, G.B.C., †Schulkin, J., Van Lieshout, R.J., Saigal, S., & Schmidt, L.A. (2023). Brain structure and function in the fourth decade of life after extremely low birth weight: An MRI and EEG study. Clinical Neurophysiology, 154, 85-99.

Stead, V.E., Schmidt, L.A., Crowley, M.J., Dyce, L., Hall, G.B., Van Lieshout, R.J., & Boylan, K. (2023). Frontal EEG asymmetry moderates the relation between borderline personality disorder features and feelings of social rejection in adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 35, 876-890.

Krzeczkowski, J.E., Schmidt, L.A., Ferro, M.A., & Van Lieshout, R.J. (2022). Follow the leader: Maternal transmission of physiological regulatory support to distressed infants in real-time. Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, 131, 524-534.

Schmidt, L.A., Poole, K.L., Krzeczkowski, J., Van Lieshout, R.J., Saigal, S., & Mathewson, K.J. (2022). Long-term stability of frontal electroencephalogram alpha power and asymmetry at rest in adults born at extremely low or normal birth weight: A 10-year longitudinal study. Developmental Psychobiology, 64, 1-19.

Hassan, R., MacMillan, H.L., Saigal, S., & Schmidt, L.A. (2022). Brain, interrupted: Alpha/delta EEG ratio patterns in survivors of pre and post-natal adversity. International Journal of Neuroscience, 132, 31-37.

Mathewson, K.J., McGowan, P.O., de Vega, W.C., Van Lieshout, R.J., Morrison, K., Saigal,S., & Schmidt, L.A. (2022). DNA methylation profiles in adults born at extremely low birth weight. Development and Psychopathology, 34, 19-36.

Mathewson, K.J., McGowan, P.O., de Vega, W.C., Morrison, K., Saigal, S., Van Lieshout, R.J., & Schmidt, L.A. (2021). Cumulative risks predict epigenetic age in adult survivors of extremely low birth weight. Developmental Psychobiology, 63, 1-15.

Krzeczkowski, J.E., Van Lieshout, R.J., & Schmidt, L.A. (2021). Changes in infant emotion regulation following maternal cognitive behavioral therapy for postpartum depression. Depression and Anxiety, 38, 412-421.

MacGowan, T.L., Tasker, S.L., & Schmidt, L.A. (2021). Differences in established joint attention in hearing-hearing and hearing-deaf mother-child dyads: Associations with social competence, settings, and tasks. Child Development, 92, 1388-1402.

Van Lieshout, R.J., McGowan, P.O., de Vega, W., Savoy, C.D., Morrison, K.M., Saigal, S., Mathewson, K.J., & Schmidt, L.A. (2021). Extremely low birth weight and accelerated biological aging. Pediatrics, 147, 1-8.

Hassan, R., MacMillan, H.L., Tanaka, M., & Schmidt, L.A. (2020). Psychophysiological influences on personality trajectories in adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment. Development and Psychopathology, 32, 1390-1401.

Lahat, A., Tang, A., Tanaka, M., Van Lieshout, R.J., MacMillian, H., & Schmidt, L.A. (2018). Longitudinal associations among child maltreatment, resting frontal electroencephalogram asymmetry, and adolescent shyness. Child Development, 89, 746-757.

Van Lieshout, R.J., Boyle, M.H., Favotto, L., Krzeczkowski, J.E., Savoy, C., Saigal, S., Morrison, K.M., & Schmidt, L.A. (2018). Impact of extremely low birth weight status on risk and resilience for depression and anxiety in adulthood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59, 596-603.

Mathewson, K.J., Chow, C.T., Dobson, K.G., Pope, E.I., Schmidt, L.A., & Van Lieshout, R.J. (2017). Mental health of extremely low birth weight survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 143, 347-383.

Temperament, Anxiety, and Psychophysiology in Ecologically Salient, Novel Contexts: The Surgical Setting

Schmidt, L.A., Chow, C.H.T., Shin, C., Brook, C.A., Van Lieshout, R.J., & Buckley, N. (In press). Social withdrawal in an ecologically salient real-world context: Children's shyness, anxiety, and observed distress behaviors in the surgical setting. [Special Issue in Honor of Kenneth Rubin]. International Journal of Behavioral Development.

Chow, C.H.T., Poole, K.L., Xu, R.Y., Sriranjan, J., Van Lieshout, R.J., Buckley, N., Moffat, G. & Schmidt, L.A. (2023). Children’s shyness, frontal brain activity, and anxiety in the perioperative context. Behavioral Sciences, 13, 1-10.

Chow, C.H.T., Yu, C., Yu, W., Yeung, K., Schmidt, L.A., & Buckley, N. (2023). Risk and protective factors in predicting pediatric acute postsurgical pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 42, 723-734.

Xu, R.Y., Chow, C.H.T., Poole, K.L., Sriranjan, J., Mirabelli, J., Moffat, G., Van Lieshout, R.J., Buckley, N., & Schmidt, L.A. (2023). Mobile quantitative EEG assessment and children’s preoperative anxiety: A psychometric and feasibility study. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 8, 47-56.

Sriranjan, J., Chow, C.H.T., Poole, K.L., Hassan, R., Mirabelli, J., Buckley, N., Van Lieshout, R.J., & Schmidt, L.A. (2022). Children’s shyness and frontal electroencephalogram delta-beta correlation in the pediatric surgical setting. Developmental Psychobiology, 64, 1-12.

Chow, C.H.T., Schmidt, L.A., & Buckley, N. (2020). The role of anxiety and related states in pediatric postsurgical pain. Canadian Journal of Pain, 4, 26-36.

Chow, C.H.T., Rizwan, A., Xu, R., Poulin, L., Bhardwaj, V., Van Lieshout, R.J., Buckley, N., & Schmidt, L.A. (2019). Association of temperament with preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open, 2(6):e195614, 1-19.

Chow, C.H.T., Wan, S., Pope, E., Meng, Z., Schmidt, L.A., Buckley, N., & Van Lieshout, R.J. (2018). Audiovisual interventions for parental preoperative anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 37, 746-758.

Chow, C.H.T., Nejati, N., Poole, K.L., Van Lieshout, R.J., Buckley, N., & Schmidt, L.A. (2017). Children’s shyness in a surgical setting. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 190-197.

Chow, C.H.T., Van Lieshout, R.J., Schmidt, L.A., & Buckley, N. (2017). Tablet-based intervention for reducing children’s preoperative anxiety: A pilot study. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 38, 409-416.

Chow, C.H.T., Van Lieshout, R.J., & Buckley, N. & Schmidt, L.A. (2016). Children's Preoperative Multidimensional Anxiety Scale (CPMAS): Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 28, 1101-1109.